Association of Body Mass Index with Kellgren–Lawrence Grading of Knee Osteoarthritis – A Cross-sectional Study

V R Ambily; V R Ambily; N Navaneeth Krishnan

doi:10.48165/IRJAY.2023.61208

Authors

V R Ambily PG Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College, Ollur, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Author
V R Ambily PG Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsa, Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College, Ollur, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Author
N Navaneeth Krishnan Assistant Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College, Ollur, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/IRJAY.2023.61208

Keywords:

Body mass index, Kellgren–Lawrence, Osteoarthritis, Spearman rank correlation

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis causing disability, particularly in elderly population. Aging, female sex, obesity, and possibly nutritional deficiencies trigger the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. This study aims to identify the association of body mass index (BMI), with knee osteoarthritis grading viewed from Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) criteria in participants with osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study using analytical approach in 70 participants diagnosed with Knee Osteoarthritis at Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College, Ollur, Thrissur. BMI was calculated by measuring the height and weight of participants. Grading of knee OA based on KL criteria was assessed from the antero-posterior X-ray radiograph. Results: Of 70 participants, 81.4% were female and 31.4% were in the age group of 50–55 years, 27.1% in the age group of 61–65 years. Among the total 70 participants, 45.7% belong to overweight category, 28.6% were obese. Knee OA grading based on KL criteria indicates that the most frequent grade is Grade 2 with 34.3% followed by Grade 3 30%. Spearman rank correlation showed a positive correlation between BMI and degree of joint damage, which was statistically significant at 0.01 level (r = 0.491**, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The higher the BMI value, the heavier the grading of OA of the knee.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bala K, Bavoria S, Sahni B, Bhagat P, Langeh S, Sobti S. Prevalence, risk factors, and health seeking behavior for knee osteoarthritis among adult population in rural Jammu - A Community based Cross Sectional Study. J Fam Med Prim Care 2020;9:5282-7.

Kasper DL. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th ed., Vol. 2. United States of America: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017. p. 2229. 3. Chen L, Zheng JJ, Li G, Yuan J, Ebert JR, Li H, et al. Pathogenesis and clinical management of obesity-related knee osteoarthritis: Impact of mechanical loading. J Orthop Transl 2020;24:66-75. 4. Radin EL. Role of mechanical factors in pathogenesis of primary osteoarthritis. Lancet 1972;299:519-22.

Hilton TN, Tuttle LJ, Bohnert KL, Mueller MJ, Sinacore DR. Excessive adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle in individuals with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral neuropathy: Association with performance and function. Phys Ther 2008;88:1336-44.

Kawasaki T, Inoue K, Ushiyama T, Fukuda S. Assessment of the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the knee. Ryumachi 1998;38:2-5.

Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis. Radiology Reference Article. Radiopaedia.org. Available from: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/kellgren-and-lawrence-system-for classification-of-osteoarthritis [Last accessed on 2023 Nov 16].

Pal CP, Singh P, Chaturvedi S, Pruthi KK, Vij A. Epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis in India and related factors. Indian J Orthop 2016;50:518-22. 9. Srikanth VK, Fryer JL, Zhai G, Winzenberg TM, Hosmer D, Jones G. Ameta-analysis of sex differences prevalence, incidence and severity of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005;13:769-81. 10. Thati S. Gender differences in osteoarthritis of knee: An Indian perspective. J Life Health 2021;12:16-20.

Lee R, Kean WF. Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2012;20:53-8.

Walker BR. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine. 22nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2014. p. 1081. 13. Bliddal H, Leeds AR, Christensen R. Osteoarthritis, obesity and weight loss: Evidence, hypotheses and horizons - a scoping review. Obes Rev 2014;15:578-86.

Metcalfe AJ, Andersson ML, Goodfellow R, Thorstensson CA. Is knee osteoarthritis a symmetrical disease? Analysis of a 12 year prospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012;13:153.

Metcalfe A, Stewart C, Postans N, Dodds A, Smith H, Holt C, et al. Biomechanics of the unaffected joints in participants with knee osteoarthritis. Orthop Proc 2012;94(SUPP_XVIII):41.