Covid19, Mucociliary Clearance And Mechanisms of Beneficial Effects of Various Yoga Practices

Authors

  • Jignesh Patel Student, Yoga Vidya Gurukul "Vishwa Yoga Darshan", Talwade, Taluka - Trimbak, District - Nasik, Maharashtra, India. Author
  • Vishwas Mandlik Founder Yogacharya, Yoga Vidya Gurukul "Vishwa Yoga Darshan", Talwade, Taluka - Trimbak, District - Nasik, Maharashtra, India. Author
  • Gandhar Mandlik Director: International Courses, Yoga Vidya Gurukul "Vishwa Yoga Darshan", Talwade, Taluka - Trimbak, District - Nasik, Maharashtra, India Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

COVID19, Mucociliary clearance, Nitric oxide, Yoga practices, Humming sound

Abstract

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) outbreak is one of the biggest pandemics reported in the  history. Widespread prevalence of COVID19 have not only caused the respiratory consequences, but  also psychological effects because of its fear. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is the virus responsible for COVID19 and have been reported to cause impairment in  mucociliary clearance (MCC) as a result of damage to the ciliary layer of respiratory epithelium.  Because MCC is one of the important defense process of respiratory system, impairment of MCC could be one of the important mechanisms of progression of COVID19. Yoga is a multidimensional  system of practices for physical, mental, and spiritual health popularly practiced all over the world for  physical and mental well-being. This article summarizes various components of COVID19, effect on  mucociliary clearance, role of nitric oxide and various mechanisms of beneficial effects of yoga asana,  pranayama, mantra chanting and meditation for prevention and treatment of COVID19. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Lee Y, Jung W, Jang H, Kim S, Chung S, Chae Y. The dynamic relationship between emotional and physical states: an observational study of personal health records. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2017;13:411-19.

Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Napoli RD. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020. pp-908

Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res, 2020;291:113190.

Gordon JG, Taylor S. Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. J Anxiety Disord, 2020;70:102196.

Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological Stress and the Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry. Psychol Bull, 2004;130(4):601-30.

Tan T, Khoo B, Mills EG, Phylactou M, Patel B, Eng PC, Thurston L, Muzi B, Meeran K, Prevost AT, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Dhillo WS. Association between high serum total cortisol concentrations and mortality from COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020;8(8):659-60.

Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biologic perspective. Eur Respir J, 2020;2000607.

Bustamante-Marin XM, Ostrowski LE. Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2017;9(4)

Beule AG. Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2010;9:Doc07.

Houtmeyers E, Gosselink R, Gayan Ramirez G, Decramer M. Regulation of mucociliary clearance in health and disease. Eur Respir J, 1999; 13:1177-88.

Haheim LL. Epithelial cilia is the first line of defence against Coronavirus; addressing the observed age-gradient in the COVID-19 infection. Med Hypotheses, 2020;143:110064.

Khashkhosha HK, Elhadi M. A hypothesis on the role of the human immune system in covid-19. Med Hypotheses, 2020;143:110066.

Robinot R, Hubert M, Dias de Melo G, Lazarini F, Bruel T, Smith N, Levallois S, Larrous F, Fernandes J, Gellenoncourt S, Rigaud S, Gorgette O, Thouvenot C,

Trebeau C, Mallet A, Dumenil G, Gobaa S, Etournay R, Lledo P, Lecuit M, Bourhy H, Duffy D, Michel V, Schwartz O, Chakrabarti LA. SARS-CoV-2 infection damages airway motile cilia and impairs mucociliary clearance. bioRxiv, 2020; in press.

Liu X, Pan L, Hu Q, Dong W, Yan J, Dong L. Effects of yoga training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis, 2014;6(6):795-802.

Bushell W, Castle R, Williams MA, Brouwer KC, Tanzi RE, Chopra D, Mills PJ. Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Key Subjects. J Altern Complement Med, 2020;26(7):547-56.

Greenhalgh T, Knight M, A’Court C, Buxton M, Husain L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ, 2020;370:m3026:1-8.

Jasti N, Bhargav H, George S, Varambally S, Gangadhar BN. Tele-yoga for stress management: Need of the hour during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond? Asian J Psychiatr, 2020;54:102334.

Yamamoto-Morimoto K, Horibe S, Takao R, Anami K. Positive Effects of Yoga on Physical and Respiratory Functions in Healthy Inactive Middle

Aged People. Int J Yoga, 2019;12(1):62- 7.

Woodyard C. Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase quality of life. Int J Yoga, 2011;4(2):49- 54.

Kothari, A. . (2021). Yoga And Mental Health: A Review On Efficacy Of Yoga

In Managing Stress, Anxiety And Depression: International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga, 4(3), 185- 193.

Bussing A, Michalsen A, Khalsa S, Telles S, Sherman KJ. Effects of Yoga on Mental and Physical Health: A Short Summary of Reviews. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012:165410.

Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, Majumdar V. A Perspective on Yoga as a Preventive Strategy for Coronavirus Disease 2019. Int J Yoga, 2020;13(2):89-98.

Nagendra HR. Yoga for COVID-19. Int J Yoga, 2020;13(2):87-8.

Government of India, Ministry of Ayush. National Clinical Management Protocol based on Ayurveda and Yoga for management ofCOVID-19,

https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/ayush Protocol-covid-19.pdf

Woods JA, Hutchinson NT, Powers SK Roberts WO, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Radak Z, Berkes I, Boros A, Boldogh I, Leeuwenburgh C, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Marzetti E, Cheng Y, Liu J, Durstine J, Sun J, Jio L. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Med Health Sci, 2020;2(2):55-64.

Government of India, Ministry of Ayush. Guidelines for Yoga Practitioners for COVID19,

https://www.ayush.gov.in/docs/yoga guidelines.pdf

Farooqi FI, Morgan RC, Dhawan N, Dinh J, Yatzkan G, Michel G. Airway Hygiene in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Treatment Responses of 3 Critically Ill Cruise Ship Employees. Am J Case Rep, 2020;21:e926596-1–e926596-8.

Thomas P, Baldwin C, Bissett B, Boden I, Gosselink R, Granger CL, Hodgson C,

Jones A, Kho M, Moses R, Ntoumenopoulos G, Parry SM, Patman S, Lees L. Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting: clinical practice recommendations. J Physiother, 2020;66(2):73–82.

Pelosi P, Brazzi L, Gattinoni L. Prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Eur Respir J, 2002;20(4):1017-28.

Koulouras V, Papathanakos G, Papathanasiou A, Nakos G. Efficacy of prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A pathophysiology-based review. World J Crit Care Med, 2016;5(2):121-36.

Donesky-Cuenco D, Nguyen HQ, Paul S, Carrieri-Kohlman V. Yoga Therapy Decreases Dyspnea-Related Distress and Improves Functional Performance in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med, 2009;15(3):225-34.

Åkerström S, Mousavi-Jazi M, Klingström J, Leijon M, Lundkvist A, Mirazimi A. Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Replication Cycle of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J Virol, 2005;79(3):1966-9.

Taneja MK. Modified Bhramari Pranayama in Covid 19 Infection. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2020; 72(3):395-97.

Lotz C, Muellenbach RM, Meybohm P, Mutlak H, Lepper PM, Rolfes C, Peivandi A, Stumpner J, Kredel M, Kranke P, Torje I, Reyher C. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19- induced ARDS - Is it worthwhile? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2020;00:1-4.

Jain B, Rubinstein I, Robbins RA, Leise KL, Sisson JH. Modulation of airwayepithelial cell ciliary beat frequency by nitric oxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1993; 26;191(1):83-8.

Weitzberg E, Lundberg J. Humming greatly increases nasal nitric oxide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2002;166(2):144- 5.

Mooventhan A, Khode V. Effect of Bhramari pranayama and OM chanting on pulmonaryfunction in healthy individuals: A prospective randomized control trial. Int J Yoga, 2014;7(2):104- 10.

Abishek K, Bakshi S, Bhavanani A. The efficacy of yogic breathing exercise Bhramari pranayama in relieving symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Int J Yoga, 2019,12(2):120-23.

Kuppusamy M, Dilara K, Ravishankar P, Julius A. Effect of Bhramari Praṇayama Practice on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Adolescents: A Randomized Control Study. Anc Sci Life, 2017;36(4):196-99.

Bhardwaj A, Sharma M, Gupta M. Endoscopic evaluation of therapeutic effects of “Anuloma-Viloma Pranayama” in Pratishyaya w.s.r. to mucociliary clearance mechanism and Bernoulli's principle. Ayu, 2013;34(4):361-67.

Karnick CR. Effect of Mantras on Human Beings and Plants. Anc Sci Life, 1983;2(3):141-47.

Pathania M, Bhardwaj P, Pathania N, Rathaur VK, Amisha. A review on

exploring evidence-based approach to harnessing the immune system in times of corona virus pandemic: Best of modern and traditional Indian system of medicine. J Family Med Prim Care, 2020; 9:3826-37.

Dagli RJ. Increasing Immunity to Fight against Novel COVID-19: NoninvasivePublic Health Approach. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2020;10(2):125-6.

Amin A, Kumar S, Rajagopalan A, Rajan S, Mishra S, Reddy U, Mukkadan J. Beneficial effects of OM chanting on depression, anxiety, stress and cognition in elderly women with hypertension. Ind J Clin Anat Physiol, 2016;3(3);253-55.

Lynch J, Prihodova L, Dunne PJ, Carroll A, Walsh C, McMahon G, White B. Mantra meditation for mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Eur J Integr Med, 2018;23,101- 08.

Burke A, Lam CN, Stussman B, Yang H. Prevalence and patterns of use of mantra, mindfulness and spiritual meditation among adults in the United States. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017;17:316.

Patel J. Science of the science, drug discovery and artificial neural networks. Curr Drug Discov Technol, 2013;10(1):2-7.

Telles S. Positioning yoga in the COVID 19 pandemic. Yoga Mimamsa, 2020;52(1):1-4.

Downloads

Published

2021-04-30

How to Cite

Patel, J., Mandlik, V., & Mandlik, G. (2021). Covid19, Mucociliary Clearance And Mechanisms of Beneficial Effects of Various Yoga Practices. International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga, 4(4), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.48165/