International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga
International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga (IRJAY) is a monthly (12 issues per year ) online peer reviewed international Journal. It is an open access online journal. This journal provide platform for PG scholars teachers and researchers to publish their good & quality work in the field of Ayurveda, Yoga and Integrative medicine. IRJAY is developed for the researchers, scholars, scientists, post-docs and students who are seeking a platform for publishing their research work. This is the journal advised and developed by eminent and internationally renowned Ayurvedic professors, scientists and scholars. The journal aimed to publish high quality review articles, authentic research work,clinical trials and new innovative ideas. IRJAY confirms its adherence with guidelines and best practices published by professional organizations, including Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf) from ICMJE and Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (joint statement by COPE, DOAJ, WAME, and OASPA; (http://doaj.org/bestpractice).
Matra basti a boon to geriatric population-A conceptual review.
According to Ayurveda, vata dosha is the dosha that predominates in old age and that vitiation of vata is the primary cause of the majority of illnesses in the elderly. Due to its broader therapeutic actions, Matra Basti treatment also acts as a rejuvenative, curative, and preventive therapy to improve the quality of life of the geriatric population. Matra Basti treatment balances particular doshas, which makes it more effective in managing a range of geriatric disorders.The progressive deterioration of multisystem function at the cellular level is linked to the physiological phenomenon of aging. Owing to degenerative changes, musculoskeletal and neurological illnesses are the most prevalent conditions among the elderly population. This article here portrays the importance of Matra Basti in Geriatric care.
Ashtanindita Purusha – The Clinical Revelation: A Review
Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthana, 21st chapter) describes eight distinct physical constitutions termed Ashtanindita Purusha (eight undesirable constitutions). These includes Atideergha, Atihraswa, Atiloma, Aloma, Atikrishna, Atigaura, Atisthoulya and Atikrisha. These individuals are considered “Nindita”, not due to social bias, but because their extreme physical constitutions predispose them to a wide range of diseases, lower their Vyadhikshamatva, and make them difficult to treat [1]. Among the eight, Atisthoulya and Atikrisha emerge as the most clinically significant, being ‘always diseased’ and requiring constant management [2]. Atideergha and Atihraswa correlate with growth hormone disorders such as gigantism/acromegaly and dwarfism (e.g., Achondroplasia, Turner syndrome). Atiloma and Aloma map to hypertrichosis and alopecia universalis, respectively. Atikrishna (hyperpigmentation) and Atigaura (hypopigmentation) align with adrenal disorders (Addison’s, Cushings), albinism and vitiligo. Ekadasha Nindita (additional deformities like Kubja, Kana, Bhangura) are also discussed as localized structural defects [3]. This review aims to bridge the gap between these classical concepts, explore its clinical significance and establish a contemporary correlation of each Nindita Purusha with genetic, endocrinological, and metabolic disorders.
An Analytical and Conceptual Study of Meda Dhatu with its Correlated Diseases: An Ayurvedic and Modern Perspective
Meda Dhatu, the fourth among the seven fundamental tissues (Saptadhatu) described in Ayurved, plays a pivotal role in structural integrity, metabolic balance, lubrication, and energy storage. Classical Ayurvedic texts attribute Meda to Sneha (unctuousness), stability, and nourishment of subsequent Dhatus, while pathological alterations in Meda are central to diseases such as Sthoulya (obesity), Prameha (diabetes mellitus), and metabolic disorders. Modern science recognizes adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ regulating lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory mediators, and reproductive hormones. This paper analytically explores the conceptual framework of Meda Dhatu, its physiological and pathological dimensions, and correlates classical descriptions with modern biomedical understanding. The integrative review highlights Meda Dhatu as a metabolic bridge linking nutrition, endocrine balance, and chronic lifestyle disorders.
Sadvritta As A Behavioural Framework For Mental Health: An Ayurvedic Perspective
Mental health is an essential part of overall well-being and is shaped by a combination of biological, psychological, behavioural, and lifestyle factors. Although modern psychiatry has made significant progress, most approaches still focus more on treatment than on prevention and health promotion. In this context, Ayurveda offers a broader and more holistic understanding of health, emphasizing the balance between body, mind, senses, and consciousness. Among its principles, Sadvritta—described in classical texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita—provides a detailed code of conduct that includes ethical living, personal discipline, and control over mental activities. The present review explores the role of Sadvritta in promoting mental health and attempts to relate its principles with concepts from modern psychology and neuroscience. The review suggests that Sadvritta influences mental health through multiple pathways. It supports better thinking and decision-making by strengthening higher mental functions, encourages healthy behavioural patterns through disciplined living, and promotes emotional balance by regulating the Triguna—enhancing Satva while reducing Rajas and Tamas. These effects are comparable to modern ideas such as executive function, emotional regulation, and mindfulness. Sadvritta also plays an important preventive role by reducing Pragyaparadha (~errors in judgment), which are considered a root cause of many mental and psychosomatic disorders. In addition, its emphasis on ethical conduct and positive social behaviour contributes to improved psychological well-being. Overall, Sadvritta can be understood as a practical and holistic framework for maintaining and promoting mental health. Its similarities with modern scientific concepts highlight its relevance in today’s context. However, more focused research is needed to support its integration into modern mental health care.
This paper aims to explore the ethics and value system as represented in the Sāṅkhya-Yoga school of Darśana and how it can be adopted and synthesized into the contemporary framework of ethical society. The Sāṅkhya system looks at ethics from the perspective of removal of Duḥkha-traya and cultivation of the Vivekakhyāti of differentiation between Sat and Asat. It also looks from the perspective of Triguṇa and how to attain Apavarga and Kaivalya through cultivation of Sattva and removal of the influences of Tamas and Rajas. While its sister philosophy Yoga looks at the perspective of Body-Mind Sādhana by either adopting the body-breath practice of Haṭha Yoga or attainment of the Cittavṛttinirodha-avasthā of Rāja Yoga of Patañjali. Whether it is adopting the practices of Sādhaka-tattva or abstainment from the Bādhaka-tattva, or Mitāhāra, Haṭha Yoga advocates the practice of retention of breath to ultimately control the mind. Mental control is the ultimate aim of the Yogasūtra of Patañjali, which aims to rid the mental constitutions of the latent impressions or Saṃskāra which shape our thought patterns. Each of the practices of Abhyāsa, Vairāgya, Īśvarapraṇidhāna, or Cittaprasādanam are the foundational ethics for the practice of Aṣṭāṅga Yoga. Yama and Niyama are not just values but ways of advancement into the body and breath work of Āsana and Prāṇāyāma. They are classified under Mahāvrata. Through this paper, we will see how there is a conjunction and point of arrival of the values and ethics of Sāṅkhya-Yoga and how these can be applied for any time period with the definition of “sārvabhauma-mahāvrata”.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sudarsana Venugopalakrishnan, Suchitra Naik (Author)
Ayurvedic Intervention In Hepatocellular Jaundice: A Case Study
“Kamaletuvirechana” a short yet powerful concept mentioned in Charak Samhita cleanses excess Pitta from body and can be planned on OPD basis. The symptoms of Kamla matches Hepatocellular jaundice. Common causes include Viral Hepatitis (A, B, C etc.), Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), medications or toxins etc. Present case was treated on above principal in 2½ months. Complete relief in symptoms was found along with changes in Liver Function test. Medication used were having Tridoshahara, Pittahara, Ruchya, Dipana, Rasayana, Yakrituttejaka etc. properties. Further research to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and mode of action of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of jaundice and related hepatobiliary disorders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anurag Kushal, Ritika Verma (Author)
Exploring The Medicinal Wonders Of The Kadamba Tree (Neolamarckia Cadamba): A Review Article
The Kadamba tree (Neolamarckia cadamba), a native species of South and Southeast Asia, has long been recognized for its extensive therapeutic applications in traditional medicine. It holds a significant place in Ayurveda due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and wound-healing properties. Various parts of the plant, including bark, leaves, fruits, and roots, are traditionally used in the treatment of fever, skin disorders, digestive disturbances, ulcers, diabetes mellitus, infections, and general debility [1,3,4]. Phytochemical investigations reveal that Neolamarckia cadamba is rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and triterpenoids, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological actions [7,11,18]. Compounds such as cadambine, isocadambine, quinovic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol have demonstrated significant medicinal value in experimental studies [7,11,12]. Despite its immense therapeutic and nutritional potential, commercialization remains limited due to its astringent taste, lack of public awareness, and insufficient clinical validation. This review compiles available literature on the taxonomy, morphology, Ayurvedic properties, phytochemistry, medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities of Neolamarckia cadamba, while highlighting future research directions for its wider acceptance in evidence-based herbal medicine.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamini Kaushal, Aishwarya Choudhary, Rohan Ananda Garud (Author)
Integrative Analysis Of Agni And Ama In The Context Of The Manasika Bhava
Background: Digestive disorders are increasingly prevalent in the present era, largely influenced by altered dietary patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and psychological stress. Integrative physiology explains this phenomenon through the gut–brain axis, a complex bidirectional communication system linking gastrointestinal and neurological functions. Ayurveda, on the other hand, considers Agni as the fundamental determinant of digestion and metabolic balance. Methods: A conceptual narrative review was undertaken using classical Ayurvedic texts, primarily Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, along with modern scientific literature on gut–brain interactions. The collected information was systematically analyzed to identify conceptual similarities and physiological correlations. Discussion: The analysis suggests that Agni may be understood as a broader regulatory principle encompassing digestive transformation, metabolic activity, and systemic homeostasis. The concept of Ama shows resemblance to metabolic by-products, inflammatory mediators, and microbial imbalance described in modern science. The gut–brain axis provides a physiological basis for the interaction between digestive function and mental state, which is also emphasized in Ayurvedic literature. Conclusion: The correlation between Agni and the gut–brain axis highlights a shared understanding of digestion as a central regulator of health. This integrative perspective may contribute to a better understanding of lifestyle-related disorders and support the development of holistic therapeutic approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aayushi Choudhary, Chhaju Ram Yadav, Sarika Yadav (Author)
Incorporating Millets In Different Seasons According To Ayurvedic Ritu Charya
Background: Millets, traditionally classified under Kshudra Dhanya in Ayurveda, are recognized for their nutritional richness and therapeutic potential. The Ayurvedic principle of Ritucharya emphasizes seasonal dietary adaptations to maintain Dosha equilibrium and prevent disease. Despite renewed global interest in millets as “Shri Anna,” their systematic integration into seasonal dietary regimens based on Ayurvedic guidelines remains underexplored. Objective: To critically evaluate the suitability of different millets across seasons according to Ayurvedic Ritucharya principles and to correlate their properties with preventive and health-promoting outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Bhavaprakasha Nighantu, along with contemporary scientific literature on millet nutrition. Millets were analyzed based on Ayurvedic parameters such as Rasa, Guna, Veerya, and Vipaka, and their seasonal applicability was assessed in the context of Dosha balance. Results: Millets exhibit diverse गुणात्मक (qualitative) properties influencing their seasonal suitability. Heating millets such as Bajra are beneficial during cold seasons (Hemanta and Shishira), while cooling and lighter millets like Ragi and Sama are more appropriate during warmer and humid conditions (Grishma and Varsha). Seasonal incorporation of millets aligns with Dosha dynamics, supporting metabolic balance, digestive efficiency, and prevention of lifestyle disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Conclusion: Integrating millets into diets according to Ayurvedic seasonal guidelines provides a practical, preventive, and sustainable nutritional approach. This integrative framework bridges traditional knowledge and modern dietary science, promoting resilience against seasonal and lifestyle-related disorders. Further clinical validation is recommended to strengthen evidence-based application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Virendra Kumar Chhandak, Amulya Murthy Aku, Nisha Dabi, Durgawati Devi, Sarvesh Kumar Agarwal (Author)
Yoga: Sadvidya of Skill Development in Educational World
Education takes place when, the person is open to any new learning experience at any age, time and place with an open mind. The person who is open to learn Yoga, he has to go through all the stages and learn all the aspects. The system of educating children has to be different. It has to be combined with certain practices which can remove their psychological blocks, which can make them aware of the psychological changes that happen in their body and brain, which can make them aware of their own distractions and which can give them the ability to focus on the theme of the subject they are studying. Yoga has been shown to improve memory in adults and children, a benefit that would seem certain to improve academic performance. The importance of an education in the ancient art and science of Yoga is undeniable. Yoga education can supplement school and university education. It can prepare the students physically and mentally for the integration of their physical, mental and spiritual faculties so that the students can become healthier, saner and more integrated members of the society and of the nation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chandan Singh Rathore, Priyanka Shakya, Sunita Kumari, Rajjan Kumar (Author)
Mandala Kushta in Ayurveda and Its Correlation with Plaque Psoriasis: A Conceptual Study
Mandala Kushta, classified under Mahakushta by Acarya Charaka and Vagbhata, is predominantly a Kapha-Dosha dominant disorder involving Tvak, Rakta, Maṃsa, and Lasika as principal Duṣhya. Its etiopathogenesis begins with Nidana Sevana (Aharaja, Viharaja, Manasika, and Bijadoṣa), leading to Agnimandya, Ama formation, Dosha Dushya Sammurchana, and Srotodushti of Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Maṃsavaha, and Svedavaha Srotas, culminating in characteristic lesions such as Shvetarakta, Utsannamandala, Sthira, Snigdha, and Anyonyasamsakta patches. Plaque psoriasis, the most common form of psoriasis (80–90%), is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder characterized by erythematous, well-demarcated plaques with silvery-white scales. This study aims to explore the conceptual and pathophysiological correlation between Mandala Kushtaand Plaque psoriasis. Methods: A classical textual review of Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Aṣhtanga Hridaya was undertaken and compared with contemporary biomedical literature on plaque psoriasis pathophysiology. Results: The Nidana induced Agnimandya, Ama formation, and Dosha Dushya Sammurchana, as described in Mandala Kushta, correlate conceptually with immune dysregulation involving the IL-23/IL-17 axis and TNF-α pathways in Psoriasis. Clinical features such as raised, erythematous plaques correspond to Utsannamandala and Shvetarakta lakshana. Srotodusti parallels vascular and inflammatory changes observed in psoriasis. Discussion: The comparative analysis suggests a substantial conceptual and clinicopathological overlap between Mandala Kushta and Plaque Psoriasis. The immune keratinocyte inflammatory loop in Psoriasis can be interpreted through the Ayurvedic framework of Dosha Dushya Srotas interplay initiated by Agnimandya and Ama formation. This correlation strengthens the integrative understanding of Psoriasis within the Ayurvedic paradigm and supports the rationale for applying Kushta chikitsa principles in its management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vidhya Prabhakaran, Chhaju Ram Yadav, Naina Joshi (Author)
A Review on Ayurvedic Approaches in the Management of Skin Diseases
The largest organ and covering the whole surface of the body is the skin. It shields the body from a variety of outside threats by functioning as a chemical barrier. According to Ayurveda, the main causes of skin disorders include prolonged food consumption during indigestion, the usage of Viruddha Ahara and restrictive dietary habits, such as consuming too much sour, salty, curd, fish, etc. Skin, Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscles), and Ambu (lymphatic tissue) tissues are all impacted by these contributing variables, which also vitiate the Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). These seven elements are harmful components of skin conditions. The idea of dermatology is thoroughly covered in Ayurveda. The Kushtha Roga chapter describes skin ailments. The properties of Raktashodana, Raktaprasadhak, Rakta Shamana, Vishagna, Krimighna, Kandughna, and Rasayana are present in the medications used to treat skin conditions. Pharmacologically, these medications are classified as antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and cosmetic medicines that are used to treat skin infections as well as to enhance skin appearance. It is found that Ayurvedic writings mention a significant number of herbal and compound medications for skin care and the treatment of skin conditions. The majority of dosage forms, such as Churna, Kwatha, Vati, Rasashaushadhies, Ghrita, Rasayana, Bhasma, and others, are taken internally to treat skin conditions. The current analysis evaluates how internal Ayurvedic medications can treat skin conditions.
Analytical Evaluation of Trina Dhanya in the Management of Prameha: A Comprehensive Literary Review and Scientific Synthesis
Objectives: This research evaluates the clinical relevance and therapeutic mechanisms of Trina Dhanya (millets) in managing Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus) by synthesizing classical Ayurvedic principles with contemporary nutritional science. Methods: A comprehensive literary review was conducted using the Brihattrayi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya) and various Nighantus. Scientific validation was performed through a meta-analysis of current nutritional data, focusing on glycemic index (GI), fiber content, and bioactive phytochemicals. Results: Ayurvedic texts categorize millets as Kudhanya or Kshudradhanya, attributing to them Lekhana (scraping) and Kledashoshaka (moisture-absorbing) properties that directly counteract the Kapha-Meda dominant pathogenesis of Prameha. Modern analysis confirms that millets possess a mean GI of 52.7 ± 10.3, significantly lower than refined rice (71.7) and wheat (74.2). Clinical data demonstrate that regular millet consumption reduces fasting blood sugar by approximately 12% and post-prandial blood sugar by 15%. Conclusion: Trina Dhanya represents an evidence-based functional food group that facilitates metabolic homeostasis. Its integration into modern diabetic diets offers a sustainable strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
An Ayurvedic and Historical Review of Sthaulya (Obesity): Concept, Nidana, Samprapti and Management
Background: Sthaulya (obesity) is a well-recognized condition in the Ayurvedic corpus, discussed across Vedic, Saṃhita, and later compendia. Classical authors treat it as a Santarpanajanya and Medovṛddhi disorder with multifactorial causation and important social-clinical consequences. Aims and Objectives: To synthesize classical and historical descriptions of Sthaulya – its terminology, Nidana (causes), Lakṣaṇa (clinical features), Samprapti (pathogenesis), complications, and classical management by reviewing primary Ayurvedic sources and traditional commentaries. Materials and Methods: Narrative review and thematic synthesis of classical descriptions and commentarial interpretations as compiled in the historical and Ayurvedic review manuscripts. Primary texts surveyed include Charaka Saṃhita, Susruta Saṃhita, Aṣṭaṅga Hridaya/Saṃgraha, Madhava Nidana, and later compendia. Discussion: The term Sthaulya and its synonyms (e.g., Medoroga, Sthula, and Medovṛddhi) appear in Vedic, Puranic, and classical Ayurvedic literature. Classical authors emphasize dietary (Aharatmak), behavioral (Viharaatmak), and mental (Manasika) Nidanas, notably Atisampurṇa, Guru, Madhura Ahara, Avyayama, Diwasvapa, and Harṣanitya/ Achinta, and locate pathology in Meda Dhatu and Medovaha Srotas with Kapha predominance. Samprapti integrates Srotodushti, Agni-Vikara, and Dhatuparinama concepts; clinical features include Udaraparsva-vr̥dhi, Daurbalya, Kricchavyavaya, Srama, and Daurgandhya. Classical management emphasizes Nidana-pariṣkara, Saḍ-upakrama (Langhana, Rukṣa, and Sodhana measures), external therapies (e.g., Udvartana), and internal regimens (Virechana, Vamana in indicated cases), supported by Pathya-Apathya and lifestyle (Dinacarya/ṛitucarya) measures. Conclusion: Classical Ayurveda provides a systematic, multifactorial model of Sthaulya encompassing cause, pathogenesis, and multi-modal treatment. Re-examination of these concepts, particularly Nidana emphasis, Agni–Meda interplay, and preventive lifestyle prescriptions, has relevance for integrative public-health strategies addressing modern obesity.
A Single Case Report of Pathyadi Shadanga Kwatha and Kumkum Nasya in the Management of Ardhavabhedaka with Special Reference to Migraine
The lifestyle of the people of the modern era has changed due to rapid urbanization. Due to lifestyle changes, stress is causing an increased incidence of acute and chronic disorders such as Ardhavabhedaka. Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine) is a condition associated with moderate-to-severe headaches with a throbbing type of pain that lasts from hours to days. It begins on one side of the head and spreads to both temporal and occipital regions and is frequently accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, tiredness, and sometimes giddiness. Ardhavabhedaka can be correlated with migraine, due to its cardinal features of a half-sided headache. According to Acharya Charaka, Ardhavabhedaka has Vata-Kapha dosha. The management of these doshas can be done through Kumkum Nasya Karma. A 34-year-old male patient visited with chief complaints of unilateral or bilateral headache on and off three times or more than thrice in a month for 2 years. Headache was followed by nausea and sometimes vomiting too. Headaches occur sometimes on the right side and sometimes on the left side alternatively. The patient was given Snehana with Tila taila and Swedana with Dashmool kwatha, followed by Nasya procedure. There was a reduction in symptoms and frequency of headache, and the patient remained entirely asymptomatic on observation during follow-ups.
“Understanding Dhatu Poshan Nyaya through the Lens of Modern Science: A Narrative Review”
Background: Dhatu Poshan Nyaya is a foundational Ayurvedic framework describing the processes of tissue nourishment through digestion, metabolism, and nutrient distribution. The classical theory describes four logical principles (Nyaya) that elucidate the processes of sequential tissue transformation, channel-mediated transport, selective assimilation by specific tissues, and concurrent nourishment throughout the body. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes contemporary scholarship alongside classical Ayurvedic teachings to provide an integrated understanding of Dhatu Poshan Nyaya mechanisms, developmental adaptations, and correlations with modern biomedical concepts. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases using targeted keywords related to Dhatu Poshan Nyaya. Articles were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four key peer-reviewed articles “Conceptual Study on Dhatu Poshan Nyaya and a Process of Metabolism,” “Explication on Tissue Nutrition in Prenatal and Postnatal Life,” “A Comprehensive Guide to Dhatu poshana Nyayas,” and “Analytical Review on Basic Tenets of Dhatu Poshan Nyaya as per Contemporary Science” meeting criteria for relevance, scholarly rigor, and thematic focus formed the basis for narrative synthesis. Results: The synthesis highlights a multi-layered biochemical and physiological framework of tissue nourishment, developmental transitions from prenatal to postnatal nutrition, and modern correlates in cellular transport mechanisms. Clinical and therapeutic implications for targeted nutrition and drug delivery are discussed. Conclusion: Dhatu Poshan Nyaya offers a sophisticated, traditionally grounded yet scientifically congruent model of tissue nutrition. Its integration with contemporary biomedical science holds promise for advancing Ayurvedic therapeutics and interdisciplinary research.
Madhumeha (T2dm) And Its Management Through Ayurveda: A Clinical Case Report
The increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in India, driven by lifestyle changes, urbanization, and genetic factors, necessitates comprehensive and holistic management approaches. This case study was conducted at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited, Ambala, India, and evaluates the effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions in managing T2DM in a 34-year-old female patient. The patient presented with a known history of T2DM and complaints of shortness of breath. Following a thorough Ayurvedic evaluation, an individualized treatment protocol was initiated, comprising Ayurvedic formulations, dietary modifications, and lifestyle interventions. Over a three-month period, notable improvements were observed. The patient’s fasting blood sugar reduced from 307 mg/dl to 110 mg/dl, HbA1c decreased from 9.3% to 7.5%, and average glucose levels dropped from 232 mg/dl to 169 mg/dl. In addition to glycemic control, symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath were alleviated, indicating enhanced overall well-being and metabolic balance. These findings suggest that Ayurvedic intervention can be an effective complementary approach in the management of T2DM, contributing to both symptomatic relief and improved metabolic parameters. However, larger, controlled studies are warranted to confirm safety, efficacy, and long-term benefits, and to help establish standardized guidelines for the integration of Ayurvedic care in diabetes management.
Ayurveda In Oncology: Symptomatic Relief In Recurrent Breast Cancer Lesion
Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally, with rising incidence and recurrence rates, particularly in postmenopausal women. In India, projections estimate over 200,000 new cases annually by 2030. Despite advancements in conventional oncology, the recurrence of breast cancer lesions, especially years after initial treatment, continues to challenge long-term survivorship. This case study highlights the integrative potential of Ayurvedic treatment in managing recurrent breast cancer lesions. A 52-year-old female with a history of breast carcinoma presented to Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, with a cauliflower shaped proliferative reddish mass on the left breast, accompanied by white discharge and localized pain. She was undergoing oral chemotherapy and antihypertensive treatment. Ayurvedic inpatient management included therapies such as Snehana, Swedana, Matra Basti, Shirodhara, Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy), Pichu, Rasayana formulations, and personalized lifestyle and dietary modifications. Following treatment, the patient experienced marked symptomatic relief, with resolution of discharge and pain, no emergence of new complaints, and improved overall health. This case underscores the value of Ayurveda as a holistic alternative or complementary therapy for breast cancer recurrence and emphasizes the need for further clinical validation through controlled studies to establish standardized, evidence-based integrative cancer care protocols.
Copyright (c) 2025 Acharya Manish, Gitika Chaudhary, Richa, Priyanka Biswas, Anushma (Author)
AN OPEN COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF SUKHOSHNA YASHTIMADHU GHRITA PICHU IN THE PAIN MANAGEMENT OF SHASTRA NIPATA VRANA W.S.R TO POST SURGICAL WOUNDS
The life of every individual starts with the healing of the wound of the cut umbilical cord. So, treatment for healing of this wound is of prime importance. While explaining the scope of Shalya Tantra, Sushrutha has mentioned "vrana vinishchayaartam" as a major part of Shalya Tantra. Even though healing of vrana is a natural process of the body, the vrana should be protected from Dosha Dushti and from various microorganisms, which may afflict the vrana and delay the normal healing process. So, for the early and uncomplicated healing of vrana, treatment is necessary. The history of medical science starts with the art and skill of wound healing. Treatment of the wound was probably the first medical problem faced by human beings. The frequency of injuries is more common than any other disease. Centuries ago, injury in the battle field due to hit by arrows was one of the common problems, along with contamination of the wound from surrounding environmental factors. Falling from trees, fall from heights, crushing against stone or hard materials, animal bites were the other causes for injury. Another important source of formation of vrana is Shastra Karma or as per the present day we can call it — Surgical Wound. These wounds are referred to as Vaidyakrita Vrana by acharya sushruta and they should possess features like Samyak ayata, Samyak visala, Suvibhakta, Nirashrita andPrapta kala krta. A vaidyakrita Vrana or Surgical Wound is inevitably followed by Pain due to the injury to the tissues and nerves in the operation site. Susuruta acharya has mentioned application of Sukhoshna Yashtimadhu Ghrita for vedana shamana in this type of shastra nipata vrana while explaining trividha karma. Now a days, Vedana resulted by these vrana are managed by contemporary analgesics due to lack of efficient analgesic agent in our science. In order to find out a potent analgesic agent the following study has been taken up. The present study was carried out as a Under Graduate Research Project sponsored by Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bengaluru, where Sukhoshna Yashtimadhu Ghrita Pichu will be applied to manage post operative surgical wound pain in various surgeries.
Therapeutic Impact Of Ayurveda On Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder marked by reduced thyroid hormone production, often presents with systemic effects and can lead to or exacerbate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), particularly through metabolic and hormonal disturbances. This case study documents the Ayurvedic management of a 25-year-old female diagnosed with hypothyroidism-associated PCOS, who presented at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital, Gurugram, Haryana, India, on February 25, 2025. The patient initially reported symptoms of weight gain, neck swelling, increased appetite, and menstrual irregularity. Laboratory investigations revealed severely elevated TSH levels (>150.0 uIU/ml), abnormal T3 (90.6 ng/ml), and T4 (2.9 µg/dl) values. Ayurvedic treatment focused on correcting dosha imbalances, rekindling Agni, reducing Kapha and Meda, and restoring hormonal equilibrium using internal Ayurvedic medications and dietary/ lifestyle modifications. Over a treatment span of approximately two months, the patient showed significant biochemical improvements: TSH reduced to 10.410 uIU/ml, with corresponding normalization of T3 and T4 levels. Symptomatically, she reported relief from menstrual irregularities and other systemic complaints. This case highlights the potential of Ayurvedic protocols in effectively managing hypothyroidism and its sequelae like PCOS. However, more comprehensive clinical studies are warranted to standardize treatment approaches and validate efficacy.
Case Study: Ayurvedic Treatment Of Dyslipidemia Coexisting With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid levels including elevated LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and increased triglycerides, is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its multifactorial etiology involves genetic, dietary, and lifestyle influences, and effective management requires early detection and comprehensive intervention. Ayurveda conceptualizes dyslipidemia with T2DM under Medoroga and Madhumeha, attributing the condition to dosha imbalances, especially involving Kapha and Meda Dhatu, and impaired metabolic fire (Agni). Ayurvedic treatments combine purificatory (Shodhana) and palliative (Shamana) therapies, supported by lifestyle and dietary regulation to restore metabolic harmony. This case study reports on a 35-year-old male patient diagnosed with dyslipidemia and T2DM, treated at Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Clinic, Bhagalpur, India. Initial complaints included abdominal heaviness and gastritis. Following Ayurvedic intervention, the patient exhibited significant symptomatic relief alongside marked improvements in laboratory parameters. Over a two-month period, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were reduced, and HbA1c improved from 8.10% to 5.80%. HDL levels remained borderline but stable, while other lipid fractions such as VLDL and non-HDL cholesterol showed favorable reductions. The integrative Ayurvedic approach targeting dosha balance and metabolic correction effectively improved lipid profiles and glycemic control, contributing to symptom relief and stabilized vital parameters. These promising results highlight the potential of Ayurveda in managing dyslipidemia with T2DM, however, larger-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings and develop standardized treatment protocols.
Ayurveda -Yoga Integrated Approach in Sidhma Kushta (~Psoriasis) with Co-existing Alcohol Withdrawal (Dhwamsaka~Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome) – A Clinical Case Report
The management of chronic Sidhma Kushta (~Psoriasis) becomes particularly challenging when accompanied by Dhwamsaka (~Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome), which manifests with neuropsychological and systemic disturbances. This case report highlights the therapeutic potential of a sequential Ayurvedic protocol integrated with Yoga in addressing both conditions holistically. A 39-year-old male presented with widespread Sidhma Kushta (PASI score: 17.3) and acute Dhwamsaka symptoms including tremors, hyperhidrosis, and severe insomnia following alcohol cessation. Treatment was planned in two phases. The initial phase focused on Shamana Chikitsa (~pacifying therapy) for Dhwamsaka with Drakshadi Kashayam (90 ml BD) and Kharjuradi Mandam (200 ml OD), complemented by a daily Yoga regimen involving Sithali, Sitkari, and Anuloma Viloma Pranayama. Yoga played a central role in calming autonomic hyperactivity, improving sleep, and promoting mental stability, thereby facilitating faster withdrawal recovery. After stabilization, Shodhana Chikitsa (~purificatory therapy) was undertaken for Sidhma Kushta through Snehapana with Aragwadha Maha Tikta Ghrita (50–250 ml over 7 days) followed by Virechana Karma (~therapeutic purgation). Withdrawal symptoms resolved within a week, and the PASI score reduced from 17.3 to 0 at discharge, remaining stable at the one-month follow-up. Subjective sleep quality and overall well-being also improved. This case demonstrates that a Yoga-centered, sequential Ayurvedic management can effectively address complex comorbidities such as Sidhma Kushta and Dhwamsaka, ensuring both neuropsychological balance and sustained dermatological remission.
Effect of Six Week Anulom-Vilom Pranayama and Bhastrika Pranayama Yoga Training Intervention on Respiratory Parameters among High School Students of Punjab
Aim: The present study aimed to examine the effect of six week Anulom-Vilom and Bhastrika Pranayama practices on selected respiratory parameters among school students in rural Punjab. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design was employed. A total of 20 healthy male students aged 13–16 years from Wheat Field School, Punjab, were randomly selected as participants. The intervention consisted of six weeks of structured pranayama training. Respiratory parameters, including Vital Capacity (VC), Expiratory Vital Capacity (EVC), and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), were measured using the Minispir Portable USB Spirometer. Data were statistically analyzed using GraphPad online software. Results: Post-intervention analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in pulmonary function parameters. Anulom-Vilom Pranayama practice produced marked increases in VC (3.28 > 2.26) and EVC (2.37 > 2.26), while Bhastrika Pranayama showed a positive effect on ERV (2.60 > 2.26). Conclusion: The findings indicate that regular Pranayama practice, specifically Anulom-Vilom and Bhastrika, significantly enhances pulmonary function among adolescents, and thus be recommended as a preventive and promotive health strategy to improve lung efficiency and reduce the risk of future respiratory disorders.
Role of Arvindasava on Malnutrition in Children: An Ayurveda Insight
Malnutrition in children is a significant global health issue, leading to impaired physical and mental development, weakened immune system. Progressively reducing appetite, encouraging catabolism, increasing demand for nutrients, and repeated cases of morbidity exacerbate malnutrition. A healthy diet or good nutrition is the main factor in children’s growth and development. Addressing malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach that includes dietary interventions, nutrient absorption, and underlying health conditions. In this context, Arvindasava, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, has gained recognition for its potential in improving the nutritional status of children. Agni is considered the life of living being. To digest food properly, the quality of Agni is crucial. The role of the Agni is superior to that of the food quality because if food is not properly digested, it cannot be used by the body, regardless of how much nutritional content in it. This stunts children’s regular growth and development. Impairment of Agni hampers the digestion and absorption of food which leads to malnutrition in children. The present study reveals that the formulation’s active ingredients such as Arvinda, Amalaki, Haritaki, Musta, and Ushira work synergistically to address multiple facets of malnutrition by improving Pachana (digestion and absorption), Deepana (stimulating appetite) and providing vital nutrients, beneficial as Bruhaniya (Anabolic), balancing the Doshas which helps in Ayusya (life prolonging), preventing Balakshaya (boosting immunity), in malnourished children. Arvindasava plays a crucial role in tackling both the causes and effects of malnutrition in children.
Ayurvedic Dietary and Lifestyle Interventions for Prevention of Hridroga and Cardiovascular Disorders: A Review
Introduction: According to World Health Organization statistics, an estimated 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2016. Looking at the menace of CVDs, the concept of prevention of disease has turned eyes toward Ayurveda. Ayurveda has a defined opinion regarding the diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system, with their prevention and management methods. Objectives: The present write-up aims to provide insight into the concept of prevention of hridroga (CVDs) through dietary and lifestyle modifications according to Ayurveda. Methodology: Ayurvedic classics, textbooks of clinical medicine, scientific journals, and publications were reviewed to carry out the present work. Discussion: The etiological factors of hridroga revolve around dietary intake and the way of living in one’s life. Hridaya being the moola of rasavaha-Srotas, the vitiated rasa creates a Badha (interruption) in the Hridaya, hence hridroga manifests. The mentioned Ayurvedic features, such as hridklama, hridshodha, hriddrava, nirmathyate, toda, stabdha, sweda moorcha, are the same as those of CVDs. Hence, an integrative approach is needed to manage and prevent people from hridroga in today’s age of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary practices. Maintaining a proper state of agni and dhatuparinaman is essential for maintaining the health of the heart in toto. Ayurvedic concepts of hridroga are quite similar to those of modern medicine, and they play a pivotal role in its management and prevention at the clinical level. Conclusion: Hence, dietary and lifestyle modifications prove to be of great help in preventing hridroga and maintaining the longevity and health of an individual.
Yoga Nidra as Complementary Therapy for Quality of Life: A Narrative Review
Background: Yoga Nidra, a guided meditative practice rooted in the yogic tradition, is an essential component of yoga that enhances both psychological and physical well-being. This article offers an extensive review of the scientific literature on Yoga Nidra. Materials and Methods: We searched for citations using the keywords “Yoga Nidra and Quality of Life” across various online databases, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, covering the years 2012–2025. The search yielded 3080 references. We focused on experimental studies, case studies, and case series published in English that explored the impact of Yoga Nidra on psychological and physical well-being. Results: Yoga Nidra effectively reduced anxiety, depression, and stress across various populations, including women with menstrual disorders, cancer patients, and healthcare professionals, thereby enhancing their psychological well being. This review synthesizes the findings, discusses their mechanisms, and highlights their clinical implications. Conclusion: The evidence supports Yoga Nidra as a holistic, non-invasive practice that improves sleep, cardiac function, and mental health by enhancing parasympathetic activity. Effective treatment across diverse populations reduces anxiety, depression, and stress. Its accessibility and therapeutic potential support its integration into health care. Further research is necessary to establish standardized protocols and to investigate their long-term effects
Krimi Roga Chikitsa in Ayurveda – A Review
The Ayurvedic system of medicine, one of the oldest in existence, holds a vast repository of knowledge on health and disease management. In Ayurveda, all ancient scholars (Acharyas) have mentioned the term “Krimi,” and most have elaborated on its classification, causes, symptoms, and treatment. Ayurvedic physicians possessed a deep understanding of Krimi and Krimiroga, which broadly refers to worms and microorganisms in modern scientific terms. The concept of Krimi dates back to the Vedic period. Krimis are primarily categorized into two types – Bahya (external) and Abhyantara (internal). The internal Krimis are further divided into Raktaja, Kaphaja (or Shleshmaja), and Purishaja types. Acharya Charaka proposed a threefold approach to the treatment of Krimiroga, namely Apakarshana (removal of the parasites), Prakritivighata (restoration of the balance of body constituents), and Nidanparivarjana (avoidance of causative factors). Among the therapeutic procedures, Samshodhana (purification therapy) is regarded as the fundamental treatment modality for Krimiroga in Ayurveda.
Copyright (c) 2025 Megha Sharma, Durgawati Devi, Punit Chaturvedi, Divya Meena, Dinesh K Saini (Author)
Ayurvedic Insights into Mental Health: A Pathway to Holistic Healing
Introduction: Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine focusing on the interconnectedness of physical, mental, and spiritual health. The term “Ayu” represents life as a union of Sharir (body), Indriya (senses), Satva (mind), and Atma (spirit). Ayurveda specifically addresses mental health, emphasizing the prevention and management of psychological issues. Aim: This study aims to explore Ayurveda’s holistic approach toward mental health. Materials and Methods: Acomprehensive review of scientific literature and classical Ayurvedic texts was conducted to gather information on the topic. Discussion: Psychiatric and neurological disorders are often linked to memory loss, cognitive deficits, and impaired mental function. Due to the complex nature of these conditions, modern psychoactive medications have achieved limited success. However, traditional Ayurvedic wisdom offers a holistic approach that can lead to effective, personalized interventions for lasting mental well-being. Ayurvedic treatment can be categorized into two types: Dravyabhuta, which includes Medya Dravya (such as Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, and Vacha), and Adravyabhuta, which encompasses practices such as Sadvritta, Satvavjaya Chikitsa, and Yoga. Each of these approaches has its own significance and can be tailored to the individual’s needs based on the specific context. Conclusion: As the demand for holistic mental health solutions grows, further research into the synergistic effects of Ayurvedic practices will be essential in validating and expanding these therapeutic approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ankita Kohli, Chhaju Ram Yadav, Bhanu Pratap Singh (Author)
Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical, and Phytochemical Evaluation of Pullaas (Rhododendron arboreum Sm): A Holistic Approach to its Medicinal Potential
Introduction: Rhododendron arboreum Sm., locally known as Pullaas (Burans), is conspicuous for its traditional use across the globe. The present study offers a comprehensive investigation into R. arboreum Sm., commonly known as Pullaas, integrating pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and physicochemical approaches to ensure accurate botanical identification and support its standardization in traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: Classical Ayurveda texts, including commentaries and Nighantus, are the primary data source. The published articles related to phytopharmacognosy and physicochemical parameters available in PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., have also been referred for this review. Organoleptic and microscopic evaluations were conducted on the flower, leaf, and bark, revealing key diagnostic markers at Rajiv Gandhi Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola. Furthermore, the study incorporated physicochemical parameter analysis, qualitative phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography profiling, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the chemical constituents of the plant; at CSIR - IHBT, Palampur. Discussion and Conclusion: Organoleptic, macroscopic, and microscopic assessments were conducted on the flower, leaf, and bark, revealing key diagnostic markers such as paracytic stomata. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites. The physicochemical parameters demonstrated acceptable limits for all parameters. The integrative analysis provides a scientific foundation for the pharmacognostical validation, quality control, and potential therapeutic use of R. arboreum Sm., contributing to the global acceptance of Ayurvedic plant-based medicine. Thus, the present paper serves as a foundation for selecting R. arboreum Sm. from the Himalayan region, where its rich traditional use shows promising results for the development of evidence-based herbal formulations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chandni Gupta, Ritika Bhatia, Dinesh Kumar (Author)
Trataka Karma and Eye Health: Ancient Practice, Modern Relevance
Trataka Karma is one of the Shatkarma practices mentioned in Yogic literature, and it holds an important place in both ocular and mental health traditions of ancient India. Ayurveda considers the Netra (eye) a highly delicate sense organ, governed primarily by Alochaka Pitta and nourished by all seven Dhatus. Imbalance of Doshas, especially due to overuse, misuse, or excessive strain, leads to visual disturbances such as Timira, which begins with blurred or unclear vision. Yoga provides complementary practices to purify and strengthen both the eyes and the mind. Among these, Trataka Karma, steady gazing without blinking until tears naturally flow, is described in texts such as the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Gheranda Samhita as beneficial for cleansing the eyes, improving concentration, and calming mental restlessness. This review compiles references from classical Ayurvedic and Yogic sources, including the Rigveda, Upanishads, Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Hatha Yoga Pradipika, and Gheranda Samhita, along with modern scientific insights. The conceptual basis of Trataka Karma is explored through the lens of Netra Sharira, Dosha dynamics, and Yogic purification techniques. Modern correlations, such as accommodation exercise, tear-film stability, relaxation response, and attention enhancement, help validate the classical claims. With digital eye strain, myopia, and mental stress rising globally, Trataka Karma emerges as a safe, inexpensive, and practical preventive tool. Its enduring relevance demonstrates the wisdom of integrating ancient holistic knowledge with contemporary wellness needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ekta Sharma, Shalini Thakur (Author)